

Chinggis-era campaigns in relation to the overland trade routes. Major political orders at the beginning of Chinggis’s long-distance campaigns, c. Major political orders of the Seljuk–Song era, c. Major political orders of the Abbasid–Tang era, c. Major overland trade roads of the Toluid period, c. Major west and east extensions of the trade tracks and major cities of Eurasia, c. Nomadic tracks through the Pamirs and Hindu Kush marked an early trade network linking the cities of Taxila and Peshawar and part of Transoxiana during and after decline of the Harappan networks of the Indus River valley, third and second millennia BCE. Reference map of Eurasian regions xxi Map 1.1. Printed in the United States of America For Gene Garthwaite, who has encouraged the several forms this manuscript has taken over thirty years Contents List of Maps ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Part I: The Integrity of Eurasia 1 The Lost Continent 2 Light-Mindedness 3 23 Part II: Steppe Power in Settled Medieval Eurasia 3 The Turkic Tide 4 Belief and Blood 5 Sultans and Civilization 43 65 85 Part III: The Age of Far Conquest 6 The Predatory Enterprise 7 The Empires of the Toluids 8 Return of the Turks 101 133 167 Part IV: The Forge 9 Dissidence and Doubt 10 Intimations of Nationality 11 Ruling in Place 203 233 273 vii viii Contents Epilogue 305 Index 319 List of Maps Map 0.1. C76 2019 (print) | DDC 950/.2-dc23 LC record available at TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Classification: LCC DS33.5 (ebook) | LCC DS33.5. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Eurasia-History-To 1500. Description: Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, | Includes bibliographical references and index. Title: Hammer and anvil : nomad rulers at the forge of the modern world / Pamela Crossley. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Crossley, Pamela Kyle, author. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom Copyright © 2019 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. Published by Rowman & Littlefield An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. W.658, folio 23b, and is used here with permission of the Museum.
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It has been contributed by the Walters Art Museum to Creative Commons under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CCBY-SA 3.0). 1554 and dedicted to Suleiman the Magnificent).

Sultans and Civilization 85 Part III: The Age of Far Conquest 6. Light-Mindedness 23 Part II: Steppe Power in Settled Medieval Eurasia 3. Table of contents : List of Maps ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Part I: The Integrity of Eurasia 1.
